Explanation in the Social Sciences: A Theorical and Empirical Introduction By Leonardo Parri
2014 | 119 Pages | ISBN: 8849841256 | PDF | 41 MB
A natural or social phenomenon is explained when one presents its description (what?), finds the laws which account for its causes (why?) and provides the micro-level mechanisms underpinning its occurrence (how?). Usually, social sciences explain thanks to theoretical models which are later on logically discussed and empirically tested. Phenomena like strikes, charities, wars or inflation are accounted for through models which causally connect social variables. However, a complete explanation is reached only if the actions and interactions underpinning the social event are also pointed out. Thus, causal explanations based on variables must be supplemented with intentional explanations based on rational actions aiming at instrumental or value-goals. Eventually, the author illustrates the way history accounts for the events of the past, by means of analytical narrations, where unique occurrences are combined with causal and intentional social scientific explanations. The book, by means of clear arguments and simple reasoning, provides a basic introduction to the above mentioned philosophical and methodological topics. Many empirical examples, tables and figures make the assimilation of the subject-matter easier.

English | 2021 | ISBN: 1636392733 , 978-1636392714 | 165 pages | True PDF | 2.55 MB
Empirical methods are means to answering methodological questions of empirical sciences by statistical techniques. The methodological questions addressed in this book include the problems of validity, reliability, and significance. In the case of machine learning, these correspond to the questions of whether a model predicts what it purports to predict, whether a model's performance is consistent across replications, and whether a performance difference between two models is due to chance, respectively. The goal of this book is to answer these questions by concrete statistical tests that can be applied to assess validity, reliability, and significance of data annotation and machine learning prediction in the fields of NLP and data science.

Validity, Reliability, and Significance - Empirical Methods for Nlp and Data Science
pdf | 2.55 MB | English | Isbn:‎ 978-1636392714 | Author: Riezler, Stefan;Hagmann, Michael; | Year: 2021

Empirical Research: A Study Guide
English | 2021 | ASIN: B09DLFC8RQ | 216 Pages | PDF | 2 MB
Why another book on research methods? There are a few books that are over cited by students in East Africa. These books tend to be absolutised by teachers and examiners. What is important in research is the scientific approach. Not everything is written on rock. Moreover, research goes beyond the mere fulfilment of an academic requirement in terms of producing a thesis or a dissertation. This book focuses on a scientific approach that insists on an internal consistency. The book also proposes that research should go beyond a thesis.

Jim Granato, "Empirical Implications of Theoretical Models in Political Science"
English | ISBN: 0521193869 | 2021 | 267 pages | PDF | 5 MB
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Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering by Forrest Shull
English | PDF | 2008 | 388 Pages | ISBN : 184800043X | 1.6 MB
This book gathers chapters from some of the top international empirical software engineering researchers focusing on the practical knowledge necessary for conducting, reporting and using empirical methods in software engineering. Topics and features include guidance on how to design, conduct and report empirical studies. The volume also provides information across a range of techniques, methods and qualitative and quantitative issues to help build a toolkit applicable to the diverse software development contexts.

Perspectives on the Introductory Phase of Empirical Research Articles: A Study of Rhetorical Structure and Citation Use by (Kathy) Ling Lin
English | PDF | 2019 | 301 Pages | ISBN : 9813292032 | 5.4 MB
Combining English for Specific Purposes (ESP) genre-based analysis, corpus-based language studies, and semi-structured interviews, this book represents the first multi-faceted project on the macro-structure of empirical research articles (ERAs) from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, and on the "I+LR" patterned introductory phase (comprising two introductory sections, i.e., the Introduction and the Literature Review in RAs drawn from civil engineering and applied linguistics journals) regarding their rhetorical organization, use of citation, and structural and functional links and variations.

Three Essays on Empirical Asset Pricing in International Equity Markets
English | 2021 | ISBN: 365835478X | 162 Pages | PDF | 2 MB
In this Open-Access-book three essays on empirical asset pricing in international equity markets are presented. Despite being of fundamental economic and scientific importance, international financial markets have remained considerably underresearched until today. In the first essay, the role of firm-specific characteristics is analyzed for the momentum effect to exist in international equity markets. The second essay investigates the validity, persistence, and robustness of the newly discovered capital share growth factor across international equity markets as proposed by Lettau et al. (2019) for the U.S. market. Lastly, the third and final essay studies stock market reactions of European vendor banks to distressed loan sale announcements.

Corporate Governance and Diversity in Boardrooms: Empirical Insights into the Impact on Firm Performance by Barbara Sveva Magnanelli
English | EPUB | 2021 | 176 Pages | ISBN : 3030561194 | 2.3 MB
This book explores diversity in boardrooms to highlight the link between the heterogeneous dimensions of board diversity and their impact on the firms. The book provides a brief definition of corporate governance and focuses on the role and functions of the board of directors.

Daniel Pascoe, "Executive Clemency: Comparative and Empirical Perspectives "
English | ISBN: 0367243571 | 2020 | 294 pages | PDF | 8 MB
Nearly every country in the world has a mechanism for executive clemency, which, though residual in most legal systems, serves as a vital due process safeguard and as an outlet for leniency in punishment. While the origins of clemency lie in the historical prerogative powers of once-absolute rulers, modern clemency laws and practices have evolved to be enormously varied. This volume brings comparative and empirical analysis to bear on executive clemency, building a sociological and political context around systematically-collected data on clemency laws, grants, and decision-making. Some jurisdictions have elaborate constitutional and legal structures for pardoning or commuting a sentence while virtually never doing so, while others have little formal process and yet grant clemency frequently. Using examples from Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the USA, this comparative analysis of the law and the practice of clemency sheds light on a frequently misunderstood executive power.