This volume discusses various diseases related to lung, heart, peripheral arterial imaging, and miscellaneous topics like gene expression characterization and classification. Further, the Vol. 2 discusses imaging applications, their complexities and the DL-models employed to resolve them in detail. The DL-based applications are categorized into two types: segmentation and characterization. The segmentation is chiefly involved in dissecting region-of-interest (ROI) of the infected part. In the characterization part, the dissected ROI or the overall image is graded as per the risk factor is involved. DL has a remarkable success in segmenting carotid plaque area from ultrasound common carotid artery images. Similarly in case of brain imaging, DL-based applications for brain cancer are divided into segmentation and characterization. In the segmentation part, the brain tumour is separated from the healthy tissue. In the characterization part, the tumour cells are graded as per their risk. Overall, DL is human brain comparable intelligence system which can strengthen effective medical treatment in a faster way. It is for sure, that DL-based technologies can enable doctors to quickly diagnose the patients, provide an effective plan for treatment and help in saving lives.