Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are widely recognized as a viable technology for producing energy and removing toxic pollutants from wastewater. This reference text covers the electrochemical performance of MFCs, the basic mechanisms, operating factors, step-by-step synthesis, materials required for high electrochemical performance and a comparison with other bioelectrochemical approaches in terms of energy generation. The book provides significant coverage of the commercial status, trends and performance of MFCs. All aspects related to energy generation via MFCs are covered, including the organic substrate, electrode and biocathode roles, to provide the reader with clear mechanisms for advancement in MFCs technology. The book highlights the current gaps in research with future perspectives and helps researchers, postgraduate students and industry practitioners to understand the applications of MFCs in the field of wastewater treatment and energy generation.