Free Download Henryk Szlajfer, "Jews and New Christians in the Making of the Atlantic World in the 16th-17th Centuries: A Survey "
English | ISBN: 9004686312 | 2023 | 356 pages | PDF | 23 MB
In Jews and New Christians in the Making of the Atlantic World in the 16th-17th Centuries: A Survey, Henryk Szlajfer describes the ways New Christians and Jews contributed to the rise of the Atlantic economy by developing non-corporate world-wide trade networks, their involvement in the New World sugar plantations, and the role they played until mid-17th century in the slave trade. He argues that persecutions of New Christians by the Inquisition were a critical variable in explaining the destruction of this unique example of early modern entrepreneurship.

Free Download Nancy Bisaha, "From Christians to Europeans"
English | ISBN: 1032326166 | 2023 | 300 pages | EPUB | 3 MB
Providing the first in-depth examination of Pope Pius II's development of the concept of Europe and what it meant to be 'European', From Christians to Europeans charts his life and work from his early years as a secretary in Northern Europe to his papacy.

Free Download Karl W. Giberson, "Saving the Original Sinner: How Christians Have Used the Bible's First Man to Oppress, Inspire, and Make Sense of the World"
English | 2016 | pages: 224 | ISBN: 0807080276, 0807012513 | EPUB | 0,7 mb
A scientist and former evangelical argues that holding onto a belief in a literal, historical Adam has forced many Christiansto reject scienceand become intellectually isolated from the modern world.

Free Download What Mary Means to Christians: An Ancient Tradition Explained By Peter Stravinskas
2012 | 102 Pages | ISBN: 0809147440 | EPUB | 1 MB
Do Catholics actually worship Mary? What exactly is her role in Catholic Spirituality? How do Catholics justify their beliefs, some of which don't seem to have biblical attestation? In What Mary Means to Christians, theologian Peter Stravinskas provides concise but extremely thorough explanations of every aspect of the Marian tradition, including some interesting facts that Catholics themselves might not be aware of. Written not only for Catholics, but for non-Catholics who want an objective explanation of Mariological beliefs, this invaluable resource for both lay people and clergy explains how the ancient tradition of devotion to the Blessed Mother is not just proper to Catholicism, but to the entire Christian tradition as a whole.

Free Download Unfinished Christians: Ritual Objects and Silent Subjects in Late Antiquity by Georgia Frank
English | February 21, 2023 | ISBN: 1512823953 | True EPUB | 208 pages | 0.4 MB
What can we know about the everyday experiences of Christians during the fourth, fifth, and sixth centuries? How did non-elite men and women, enslaved, freed, and free persons, who did not renounce sex or choose voluntary poverty become Christian? They neither led a religious community nor did they live in entirely Christian settings. In this period, an age marked by "extraordinary" Christians―wonderworking saints, household ascetics, hermits, monks, nuns, pious aristocrats, pilgrims, and bishops―ordinary Christians went about their daily lives, in various occupations, raising families, sharing households, kitchens, and baths in religiously diverse cities. Occasionally they attended church liturgies, sought out local healers, and visited martyrs' shrines. Barely and rarely mentioned in ancient texts, common Christians remain nameless and undifferentiated.

Free Download The Mass of the Early Christians By Mike Aquilina
2007 | 255 Pages | ISBN: 1592763200 | EPUB | 1 MB
What did the first Christians believe about the Eucharist?How did they follow Jesus' command, "Do this in remembrance of me"?How did they celebrate the Lord's Day?What would they recognize in today's Mass?The answers may surprise you.In The Mass of the Early Christians, respected author, scholar, and television host Mike Aquilina reveals the Church's most ancient Eucharistic beliefs and practices. Using the words of the early Christians themselves -- from many documents and inscriptions -- Aquilina traces the history of the Mass from Jesus' lifetime through the fourth century. That the Mass stood at the center of the Church's life is evident in the Scriptures, as well as the earliest Christian sermons, letters, artwork, tombstones, and architecture. Even the pagans bore witness to the Mass in the records of their persecutions.These legacies from the early Church bear witness to the same worship Catholics know today: the altar, the priest, the chalice of wine, the bread, the Sign of the Cross ... the "Lord, have mercy" ... the "Holy, holy, holy" ... and the Communion.

Free Download The Bloomsbury Handbook to Studying Christians By George D. Chryssides and Stephen E. Gregg
2019 | 338 Pages | ISBN: 1350043389 | PDF | 3 MB
Drawing on a range of methodologies, editors George D. Chryssides and Stephen E. Gregg shift attention from normative textual and doctrinal matters to issues of materiality and everyday life in Christianity. This handbook is structured in four parts, which include coverage of the following aspects of Christianity: sacred space and objects, cyber-Christianity, food, prayer, education, family life, fundamentalism and sexuality. In addition, issues of gender, race and ethnicity are treated throughout. The international team of contributors provide in-depth analysis that highlight the current state of academic study in the field and explores areas in which future research might develop. Clearly organised to help users quickly locate key information and analysis, the book includes an A to Z of key terms, extensive guides to further resources, a comprehensive bibliography and a chronology of landmark events, making it a unique resource to upper-level students and researchers.

Chandra Mallampalli, "South Asia's Christians: Between Hindu and Muslim "
English | ISBN: 0190608919 | 2023 | 368 pages | PDF | 15 MB
South Asia is home to more than a billion Hindus and half a billion Muslims. But the region is also home to substantial Christian communities, some dating almost to the earliest days of the faith. The stories of South Asia's Christians are vital for understanding the shifting contours of World Christianity, precisely because of their history of interaction with members of these other religious traditions. In this broad, accessible overview of South Asian Christianity, Chandra Mallampalli shows how the faith has been shaped by Christians' location between Hindus and Muslims.

John Macquarrie, "Mary for All Christians"
English | 2001 | ISBN: 0567087514 | PDF | pages: 189 | 7.5 mb
One of Britain's most distinguished theologians explains the basic beliefs held about Mary in the Christian church.Written with an ecumenical purpose, Professor Macquarrie shows that in Mary, Christians may find resources for unity and reconciliation, rather than conflict. Each chapter explores a different event associated with Mary, from her Immaculate Conception to her Assumption and also her relation to contemporary culture.A new edition of a key text for the ecumenical movement, this book includes a new introduction and takes account of the current Roman Catholic debates on the subject of 'Mary Corredemptrix'.

Theodore Sabo, "Christians and Platonists: The Ethos of Late Antiquity"
English | 2015 | ISBN: 1443882690 | PDF | pages: 139 | 2.2 mb
The Christians, Gnostics, and Platonists of late antiquity all shared that era s dislike of matter and the body. The first part of this book looks at key words like ethos, ai n, and saeculum. The second part investigates the Neoplatonists, the Platonists of late antiquity. In the writings of Descriptioninus and Porphyry, Iamblichus and Proclus, the dislike of matter and the body was boldly expressed. The third part shows that Gnosticism was second to none in its insistence that matter and the body were evil. It was elitist, suspicious of the political world, and often filled with an interest in magic and immorality. Simon Magus, Carpocrates, and Valentinus are only a few of the Gnostics who are considered. The last part discovers dislike of matter and the body in the early Christians, although with less consistency to their worldview. It was especially notable in the attempt of Origen and Arius to place God the Son at a lower metaphysical level than God the Father in order to protect God from the evil entity of matter. The desert fathers, the Arians, Ambrose, and Augustine are all included.