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E-BooksThe Quantum Beat Principles and Applications of Atomic Clocks (2024)



The Quantum Beat Principles and Applications of Atomic Clocks (2024)
Free Download The Quantum Beat: Principles and Applications of Atomic Clocks by F. G. Major
English | PDF | 2007 | 481 Pages | ISBN : 0387695338 | 3.6 MB
Intended for nonspecialists with some knowledge of physics or engineering, The Quantum Beat covers a wide range of salient topics relevant to atomic clocks, treated in a broad intuitive manner with a minimum of mathematical formalism. Detailed descriptions are given of the design principles of the rubidium, cesium, hydrogen maser, and mercury ion standards; the revolutionary changes that the advent of the laser has made possible, such as laser cooling, optical pumping, the formation of "optical molasses," and the cesium "fountain" standard; and the time-based global navigation systems, Loran-C and the Global Positioning System. Also included are topics that bear on the precision and absolute accuracy of standards, such as noise, resonance line shape, the relativistic Doppler effect as well as more general relativistic notions of time relevant to synchronization of remote clocks, and time reversal symmetry.



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E-BooksIsotope Shifts in Atomic Spectra



Isotope Shifts in Atomic Spectra
Free Download Isotope Shifts in Atomic Spectra by W. H. King
English | PDF | 1984 | 215 Pages | ISBN : 0306415623 | 18.2 MB
Atomic and nuclear physics are two flourishing but distinct branches of physics; the subject of isotope shifts in atomic spectra is one of the few that links these two branches. It is a subject that has been studied for well over fifty years, but interest in the subject, far from flagging, has been stimulated in recent years. Fast computers have enabled theoreticians to evaluate the properties of many-electron atoms, and laser spectroscopy has made it possible to measure isotope shifts in the previously unmeasurable areas of very rare isotopes, short-lived radioactive isotopes, weak transitions, and transitions involving high-lying atomic levels. Isotope shifts can now be measured with greater accuracy than before in both optical transitions and x-ray transitions of muonic atoms; this improved accuracy is revealing new facets of the subject. I am very grateful to Dr. H. G. Kuhn, F. R. S. , for having introduced me to the subject in the 1950s, and for supervising my efforts to measure isotope shifts in the spectrum of ruthenium. I thus approach the subject as an experimental atomic spectroscopist. This bias is obviously apparent in my use of the spectroscopist's notation of lower-upper for a transition, rather than the nuclear physicist's upper-lower. My reasons are given in Section 1. 3 and I hope that nuclear physicists will forgive me for using this notation even for muonic x-ray transitions.



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E-BooksIntroduction to Atomic and Molecular Collisions



Introduction to Atomic and Molecular Collisions
Free Download Introduction to Atomic and Molecular Collisions by R. E. Johnson
English | PDF | 1982 | 294 Pages | ISBN : 1468484508 | 28.7 MB
In working with graduate students in engineering physics at the University of Virginia on research problems in gas kinetics, radiation biology, ion materials interactions, and upper-atmosphere chemistry, it became quite apparent that there was no satisfactory text available to these students on atomic and molecular collisions. For graduate students in physics and quantum chemistry and researchers in atomic and molecular interactions there are a large number of excellent advanced texts. However, for students in applied science, who require some knowledge and understanding of col lision phenomena, such texts are of little use. These students often have some background in modern physics and/or chemistry but lack graduate level course work in quantum mechanics. Such students, however, tend to have a good intuitive grasp of classical mechanics and have been exposed to wave phenomena in some form (e. g. , electricity and magnetism, acoustics, etc. ). Further, their requirements in using collision processes and employing models do not generally include the use of formal scattering theory, a large fraction of the content of many advanced texts. In fact, most researchers who work in the area of atomic and molecular collisions tend to pride themselves on their ability to describe results using simple theoretical models based on classical and semiclassical methods.



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E-BooksBeam–Foil Spectroscopy Volume 1 Atomic Structure and Lifetimes



Beam–Foil Spectroscopy Volume 1 Atomic Structure and Lifetimes
Free Download Beam-Foil Spectroscopy: Volume 1 Atomic Structure and Lifetimes by Ivan A. Sellin, David J. Pegg
English | PDF | 1976 | 461 Pages | ISBN : 1461343429 | 35.8 MB
The appreciable evolution of the nearly teenaged branch of atomic and molecular physics called beam foil spectroscopy is clearly depicted in the present volumes, which are devoted to publication of presentations at the Fourth International Conference on Beam Foil Spectroscopy and Heavy Ion Atomic Physics Symposium. The transition from childhood to adolescence parallels human experience in that diffusion of interests and interactions beyond the confines of the original family has most certainly occurred. The pre-occupation with techniques and their develop ment has been largely replaced by interest in the physics of the widest possible array of atomic and molecular physics experiments, in which spectroscopic study (visible, UV, XUV, X-ray, electron) of collisional interactions of fast beams is the unifying theme. The description "accelerator-based atomic physics" is perhaps more representative of the subject today than is the original, beam-foil spectroscopy," since so many experiments have nothing to do with foils, and furthermore, employ spectroscopy mainly as an incidental tool. What, then distinguishes beam-foil spectro scopy from overlapping fields of atomic collisions physics? In an era where the boundaries are becoming ever more diffuse, there can be no clear definition. A good functional definition was recently conceived by Peter Erman, under the salubrious stimulus of a large Tennessee bourbon: it is the tribal experience of the community of scientists who have banded together to develop the discipline over the past dozen years, as shared at the triennial conferences devoted to it.



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E-BooksAtoms, Molecules and Photons An Introduction to Atomic– Molecular– and Quantum Physics



Atoms, Molecules and Photons An Introduction to Atomic– Molecular– and Quantum Physics
Free Download Atoms, Molecules and Photons: An Introduction to Atomic- Molecular- and Quantum Physics by Wolfgang Demtröder
English | PDF (True) | 2006 | 578 Pages | ISBN : 3540206310 | 10.2 MB
This introduction to Atomic and Molecular Physics explains how our present model of atoms and molecules has been developed during the last two centuries by many experimental discoveries and from the theoretical side by the introduction of quantum physics to the adequate description of micro-particles. It illustrates the wave model of particles by many examples and shows the limits of classical description. The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atoms and molecules and its potential for spectroscopy is outlined in more detail and in particular lasers as modern spectroscopic tools are discussed more thoroughly. Many examples and problems with solutions should induce the reader to an intense active cooperation.



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E-BooksAtomic and Quantum Physics An Introduction to the Fundamentals of Experiment and Theory



Atomic and Quantum Physics An Introduction to the Fundamentals of Experiment and Theory
Free Download Atomic and Quantum Physics: An Introduction to the Fundamentals of Experiment and Theory by Hermann Haken , Hans Christoph Wolf
English | PDF | 1984 | 402 Pages | ISBN : 3642968155 | 37 MB
A thorough knowledge of the physics of atoms and quanta is clearly a must for every student of physics but also for students of neighbouring disciplines such as chemistry and electrical engineering. What these students especially need is a coherent presenta tion of both the experimental and the theoretical aspects of atomic and quantum physics. Indeed, this field could evolve only through the intimate interaction between ingenious experiments and an equally ingenious development of bold new ideas. It is well known that the study of the microworld of atoms caused a revolution of physical thought, and fundamental ideas of classical physics, such as those on measur ability, had to be abandoned. But atomic and quantum physics is not only a fascinating field with respect to the development of far-reaching new physical ideas. It is also of enormous importance as a basis for other fields. For instance, it provides chemistry with a conceptual basis through the quantum theory of chemical bonding. Modern solid-state physics, with its numerous applications in communication and computer technology, rests on the fundamental concepts first developed in atomic and quantum physics. Among the many other important technical applications we mention just the laser, a now widely used light source which produces light whose physical nature is quite different from that of conventional lamps. In this book we have tried to convey to the reader some of the fascination which atomic and quantum physics still gives a physicist studying this field.



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E-BooksAtomic Photoeffect



Atomic Photoeffect
Free Download Atomic Photoeffect by M. Ya. Amusia
English | PDF | 1990 | 320 Pages | ISBN : 0306435489 | 29.7 MB
This book is devoted to the investigation of a rather prevalent process in nature: interaction of atoms with electromagnetic radiation. Primary attention is given to the low and intermediate photon energy region, from tens to hundreds of electron-volts. It is in this region that the probability of photon absorption and photoionization is largest. Data in this energy region are very interesting and useful in astrophysics and plasma physics, solid-state physics and quantum electronics, and in a number of other branches of science and technical applications. Formulae for hydrogen atom photoionization are given in almost all textbooks on quantum mechanics. Together with the limited amounts of experimental data available up to the beginning of the sixties, the formulae gave an impression of the completeness of the study of photoionization, of the absolute clarity of the mechanism of the process, and of the possibility of calculating rather easily its probability using the formulae.



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E-BooksAtomic Inner–Shell Physics



Atomic Inner–Shell Physics
Free Download Atomic Inner-Shell Physics by Bernd Crasemann
English | PDF | 1985 | 760 Pages | ISBN : 146129472X | 61.6 MB
The physics of atomic inner shells has undergone significant advances in recent years. Fast computers and new experimental tools, notably syn chrotron-radiation sources and heavy-ion accelerators, have greatly enhan ced the scope of problems that are accessible. The level of research activity is growing substantially; added incentives are provided by the importance of inner-shell processes in such diverse areas as plasma studies, astrophysics, laser technology, biology, medicine, and materials science. The main reason for all this exciting activity in atomic inner-shell physics, to be sure, lies in the significance of the fundamental problems that are coming within grasp. The large energies of many inner-shell processes cause relativistic and quantum-electrodynamic effects to become strong. Unique opportunities exist for delicate tests of such phenomena as the screening of the electron self-energy and the limits of validity of the present form of the frequency-dependent Breit interaction, to name but two. The many-body problem, which pervades virtually all of physics, presents somewhat less intractable aspects in the atomic inner-shell regime: correlations are relatively weak so that they can be treated perturbatively, and the basic potential is simple and known! The dynamics of inner-shell processes are characterized by exceedingly short lifetimes and high transition rates that strain perturbation theory to its limits and obliterate the traditional separation of excitation and deexcitation. These factors are only now being explored, as are interference phenomena between the various channels.



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E-BooksAtomic Friends How America Deals with Nuclear–Armed Allies



Atomic Friends How America Deals with Nuclear–Armed Allies
Free Download Zachary Keck, "Atomic Friends: How America Deals with Nuclear-Armed Allies"
English | ISBN: 1538169703 | 2022 | 296 pages | EPUB, PDF | 549 KB + 2 MB
Should the United States prevent additional allies from developing atomic weapons? Although preventing U.S. allies and partners from acquiring nuclear weapons was an important part of America's Cold War goals, in the decades since, Washington has mostly focused on preventing small adversarial states from building the bomb. This has begun to change as countries as diverse as Germany, Japan, South Korea, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, among others, have begun discussing the value of an independent nuclear arsenal. Their ambitions have led to renewed discussion in U.S. foreign policy circles about the consequences of allied proliferation for the United States. Even though four countries have acquired nuclear weapons, this discussion remains abstract, theoretical, and little changed since the earliest days of the nuclear era.



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E-BooksAtomic Force Microscopy for Energy Research (2024)



Atomic Force Microscopy for Energy Research (2024)
Free Download Cai Shen, "Atomic Force Microscopy for Energy Research (Emerging Materials and Technologies)"
English | 2022 | ISBN: 103200407X | PDF | pages: 457 | 51.5 mb
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to analyze and measure the physical properties of all kinds of materials at nanoscale in the atmosphere, liquid phase, and ultra-high vacuum environment. It has become an important tool for nanoscience research. In this book, the basic principles of functional AFM techniques and their applications in energy materials―such as lithium-ion batteries, solar cells, and other energy-related materials―are addressed.



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